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Close to nature forestry is a theory and practice that takes the forest as an ecosystem and manages it as such. It is based оn reduced human intervention, that should be directed to accelerate the processes that nature would do by itself more slowly. It aims at overcoming the divorce between forestalist and ecologist management systems of forest. As an important consequence, it concludes that if properly applied, it would render the segregation of forest lands into "productive" and "reserves" or national parks unnecessary.〔 Turckheim, Brice de, et Bruciamacchie, Max. La Futaie irreguilière. Théorie et pratique de la sylviculture irreguilière, continue et proche de la nature. Éditions Édusud. 2005〕 ==History== Europe The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Naturgemässe Waldwirtschaft (ANW) ((ドイツ語:Working Group for the Close to Nature Forestry)) was established in Germany in 1950. In recent years this association has increased a lot its membership. The main reasons being the increase of ecological consciousness, the growing demand for forest products or services other than wood, the damages suffered by regular forest stands, the forest death fear.〔 Another term often used to describe a close to nature approach to forest management, especially in Britain and Ireland, is Continuous Cover Forestry.〔Helliwell, R., and E. R. Wilson. (2012). Continuous cover forestry in Britain: challenges and opportunities. Quarterly Journal of Forestry 106(3): 214-224.()〕 Because of a 1948 forest law, Slovenia has many forests managed according to the principles of close to nature forestry. In 1989 ANW promoted a meeting at Robanov Kot, in the Julian Alps, and the ProSilva organization was created, with representatives of 10 countries. At present the organization headquarters are in the French region of Alsace.〔 North America In the United States professor Thom McEvoy has published the book ''Positive Impact Forestry'',〔Thom MacEvoy, Positive Impact Forestry, 2004, Island Press〕 that recommends forestry practices similar to those of the "close to nature" movement. He thinks that the precursors of this type of forestry are to be found in Europe, mainly in Germany, and particularly makes mention of Heinrich Cotta, and his famous ''Cotta's Preface'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.foresthistory.org/publications/FHT/FHTFall2000/cotta.pdf )〕 that highlighted the importance that the study and understanding of nature should have for the foresters. As a more immediate precursor he makes reference to American forester and ecologist Aldo Leopold. The Ecoforestry Institute consists on educational, non profit and non governmental organizations operating in US and Canada. They propose a forestry based on ecological principles, very similar to those of Pro Silva. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Close to nature forestry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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